Doyoung Park

We study how place-based environmental regulation affects production networks. Linking establishment locations and emissions with firm-to-firm networks and Clean Air Act nonattainment designations, we distinguish regulatory exposure through a firm's own locations, suppliers, and customers. Supplier-side exposure increases supplier disconnections and customer-side exposure raises customer disconnections; severed links are rarely replaced. We then turn to emissions, the outcome in which adjustment within continuing relationships may appear. Supplier-side exposure is associated with lower emissions while customer-side exposure is associated with higher emissions, even after accounting for turnover. The asymmetry is consistent with customers being the stronger bargaining party, transmitting pressure upstream.

We study the joint roles of global value chain (GVC) positioning (the "distance" of an industry from its upstream inputs and downstream consumers) and trade competitiveness (the effective prices received by an industry for its exports or paid on its imports in terms of foreign exchange) in determining the intensity of industries' emissions of air pollution. Using data on country-by-industry emissions and GVC positions, we locate each country–industry by its distance from both primary factors and final demand, using their joint position to proxy for longer, more fragmented value chains. We then estimate how these two-sided positions and real effective exchange rates (REER) relate to emission intensity for carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. The results show that industries' emission intensities depend fundamentally on an industry's position in relation to both ends of the value chain (i.e., upstream suppliers versus downstream consumers). These relationships differ across upstream and downstream margins, pollutants, and sectors. Our findings underscore that global production networks shape not only where goods are made, but also where pollution is generated.

We study how trade policy shapes greenhouse gas emissions embodied in agricultural trade, linking structural gravity simulations to country–commodity farm-gate CH₄ and N₂O emissions. Existing tariff preferences raise embodied emissions by 37.9 megatonnes of CO₂-equivalent — about $3.4 billion annually at a recent carbon-border price — with livestock, especially beef, driving most of the increase. A zero-tariff benchmark raises global CH₄ and N₂O emissions by 17.7 megatonnes CO₂-equivalent, driven mainly by trade in crops, especially rice. The results illuminate how the global regime of tariff barriers shapes the environmental consequences of trade.

As U.S. wildfires grow more frequent and severe, the electricity sector has shifted toward solar and wind. Does intensified wildfire smoke, by reducing renewable efficiency, drive up emissions through greater reliance on non-renewables? Using daily precipitation as an instrument for wildfire-related PM2.5, we find that (a) pollution emissions rise significantly on smoke days; (b) the shift from renewable to non-renewable generation partly explains the increase, though elevated electricity demand also plays a key role; and (c) the non-renewable response comes mainly from higher generation levels rather than fuel-mix changes or intensified abatement. The results reveal overlooked environmental consequences of wildfire smoke.